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注释： ①②[美]珍妮特·瓦斯科.浮华的盛宴——好莱坞电影产业揭秘.毕香玲，迟志娟译.中信出版社，2006.179.180. ③主要包括六大公司：索尼旗下的哥伦比亚影业、维亚康姆旗下的派拉蒙影业、时代华纳旗下的华纳兄弟影业、康卡斯特控股的环球影业、新闻集团旗下的20世纪福克斯、沃尔特·迪斯尼集团旗下的沃尔特·迪斯尼影业。 ④MPAA: Theatrical Market Statistics, 2007. Retrieved from www.mpaa.org. ⑤关于当代美国独立电影兴起原因的探讨，可参见拙文：当代美国独立电影的兴起.艺术评论，2010,(4)：51-56. ⑥数据来源：根据美国电影协会历年年度报告整理。 ⑦Geoff King, American Independent Cinema,(London; New York: I. B. Tauris, 2005), p. 11. ⑧[美]约翰·费斯克.理解大众文化.王晓珏，宋伟杰译.中央编译出版社，2001.27. ⑨A级片和B级片的概念来自于20世纪30年代美国电影业所实行的“一场两片制”，A级片往往投资较高、制作精良，而B级片则成本低廉、制作相对粗糙，尽管20世纪50年代之后“一场两片制”逐渐被取消，然而“B级片”的称谓却流传下来。 ⑩Thomas King, "Teamwork Fuels a Movie-Marketing Duo", The Wall Street Journal, Aug 31, 1994, B1. (11)MPAA: Theatrical Market Statistics, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.mpaa.org. (12)Brian Steinberg. Simon Who? ‘Idol' Spots Still Priciest in Prime Time. Advertising Age, October 18, 2010. Retrieved from http://adage.com/. (13)Robert Marich,, Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies and Tactics,(Carbondale: Southern Illinios University Press), 2008, p.249. (14)Cerone, "Taking an Independent Path", Los Angeles Times, May3, 1989, part 6, p. 1. (15)转引自John Berra, Declarations of Independence: American Cinema and the Partiality of Independent Production,(Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2008), p. 165. (16)Robert Marich,, Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies and Tactics,(Carbondale: Southern Illinios University Press), 2008, p.249. (17)Andy Seiler, "Their Big Fat Success Story", USA Today, Aug 28, 2002. (18)参见Alisa Perren, "A Big Fat Indie Success Story? Press Discourse Surrounding the Making and Marketing of a 'Hollywood' Movie", Journal of Film and Video, vol. 56, no. 2,2004, pp. 18-31. (19)Ishmael Reed, "Hollywood's Enduring Myth of the Black Male Sexual Predator: The Selling of 'Precious'", CounterPunch, December 4-6, 20090. Retrieved from http://www.counterpunch.org/. (20)Michael Fleming and Leonard Klady, "'Crying' all the Way to the Bank", Variety, March 22, 1993, p.68. (21)参见Justin Wyatt, "The Formation of the 'Major Independent': Miramax, New Line and the New Hollywood", in Steve Neale and Murray Smith,(eds.), Contemporary Hollywood Cinema,(London; New York: Routledge, 1998), pp. 79-81. (22)[美]J·P·特洛特-加龙省.《女巫布莱尔》的策划.奚虞译.世界电影，2002,(2)：141-152. (23)汪献平.中国电影营销的现状与问题.当代电影，2009，(12)：96. (责任编辑：admin) |