同样令人吃惊的是,作为丹托的朋友和追随者,卡罗尔竟会将“日常性”列为风格矩阵的表头。这一方面扭曲了矩阵的数学结构,另一方面,也完全丧失了矩阵最后一行的精妙含义。如果将“日常性”列为表头,那么,就不会有丹托关于艺术终结的故事了,而这肯定是卡罗尔不愿看到的。而在一个更深的意义上,假如没有这最后一行,那么,丹托也不可能成为我们这个时代最伟大的艺术哲学家。 丹托,既当过艺术家,也当过批评家,但是,如果有在天之灵的话,他一定更愿意人们肯定他作为哲学家的成就。丹托在哲学的核心部分——方法论和知识论领域——并未取得太大的成就,人们通常认为他的主要贡献在于,将分析哲学所不齿的尼采、萨特、黑格尔等重新引入了英美哲学,还摆脱了分析哲学的琐屑无聊,分析了叙事、行为这类更为有趣的概念。但是,作为一位艺术哲学家,他的成就与威望,却是同代人难以望其项背的。就笔者所见,由风格矩阵奠定的全新的艺术定义方式,正是丹托作为艺术哲学家的核心贡献所在。 注释: [1] Arthur C. Danto, After the End of Art: Contemporary Art and the Pale of History, Princeton University Press, [2][3] Arthur Danto Interviewed by Zoe Sutherland, July 20, 2010, http://nakedpunch.com/articles/88. [4][5] Arthur C. Danto, “The End of Art: A Philosophical Defense”, History and Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, Theme Issue 37: Danto and His Critics: Art History, Historiography and After the End of Art, Dec., 1998, p. 133. [6] Arthur C. Danto, “The End of Art: A Philosophical Defense”, History and Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, Theme Issue 37: Danto and His Critics: Art History, Historiography and After the End of Art, Dec., 1998, p. 124. [7] Arthur C. Danto, Analytical Philosophy of History, [8] Arthur C. Danto, “The End of Art: A Philosophical Defense”, History and Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, Theme Issue 37: Danto and His Critics: Art History, Historiography and After the End of Art, Dec., 1998, p.140. [9] 艺术史叙事是否一定依赖于作品风格,这是丹托需要回答的另一个问题,然而,就本文而言,我们假定事情是这样的,因为它符合我们关于艺术史的一般用法。 [10] Arthur C. Danto, “A Future for Aesthetics”, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 51, No. 2, Spring, 1993, pp. 276-277; Arthur C. Danto, “The End of Art: A Philosophical Defense”, History and Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, Theme Issue 37: Danto and His Critics: Art History, Historiography and After the End of Art, Dec., 1998, pp.142-143. [11] (美)丹托:《寻常物的嬗变》,陈岸瑛译,江苏人民出版社,南京,2012,第73页。 [12][13] Arthur Danto, The Artworld, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 61, No. 19, American Philosophical Association Eastern, Division Sixty-First Annual Meeting, Oct. 15, 1964, p. 583. [14] Arthur C. Danto, After the End of Art: Contemporary Art and the Pale of History, Princeton University Press, [15] Noël Carroll, “Danto, Style, and Intention”, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 53, No. 3, Summer, 1995, p. 256. [16] Noël Carroll, “Danto, Style, and Intention”, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 53, No. 3, Summer, 1995, pp. 254-255. [17] (美)丹托:《寻常物的嬗变》,陈岸瑛译,江苏人民出版社,南京,2012,第5页。 [18] Arthur C. Danto, “The End of Art: A Philosophical Defense”, History and Theory, Vol. 37, No. 4, Theme Issue 37: Danto and His Critics: Art History, Historiography and After the End of Art, Dec., 1998, p. 130. 图注: 1.阿瑟·丹托:《艺术是什么》,耶鲁大学出版社,2013 2.阿瑟·丹托:《寻常物的嬗变——一种关于艺术的哲学》,哈佛大学出版社,1981 3.阿瑟·丹托:《艺术的终结之后——当代艺术与历史的界限》,普林斯顿大学出版社,1997 4.伦勃朗:《波兰骑士》,116.8 x 134.9厘米,布面油画,约1655 5.阿瑟•丹托:《伦勃朗和萨斯基亚》,59.1 x 68.6厘米,木刻,1961 6.阿瑟•丹托:《骑马者》,36.8 x 41.9厘米,木刻,1956 7.阿瑟·丹托:《抬手的骑马者》,62.2 x 50.8 cm,木刻,1961 8.阿瑟·丹托:《黑暗骑士》,45.7 x 58.4厘米,木刻,1961 9.利希滕斯坦:《吻》,203 x 173厘米,布面油画,1962 10.约瑟夫·科苏斯:《一把椅子和三把椅子》,1965 11.杜尚:《泉》,30.5 x 38.1 x 45.7厘米,陶瓷便器,1917(1950年复制品),2012年摄于美国费城艺术博物馆 12. 安迪·沃霍尔:《布里洛盒子》,43.3 x 43.2 x 36.5cm,丙烯、木板丝网印,1964,2012年摄于美国费城艺术博物馆 |